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Autonomous Driving Technology
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수13
  • Autonomous Driving TechnologyBy Kim Si-yeon Reporter, Sophomore of Electronic EngineeringA new era is approaching in which vehicles can operate without human drivers. Technologies such as Teslas Full Self-Driving (FSD) and Googles Waymo represent crucial steps toward achieving full autonomy. Autonomous driving is advancing in stages from Level 1 to Level 5, with the current state remaining at Levels 23. Level 1 refers to single-function assistance, such as steering or acceleration support. At Level 2, partial steering and acceleration assistance are possible, while Level 3 allows conditional driving without human intervention under specific circumstances. Looking ahead, Levels 4 and 5 target complete driverless driving, carrying the potential to reshape transportation systems and daily life. The advancement of autonomous vehicles largely depends on the integration ofthree core technologies: control, vision, and localization. This article will explore how these elements enable vehicles to drive themselves.Technologies for Autonomous DrivingControl technology serves as the brain of autonomous driving. A vehicle must do more than simply drive straight and turn. It must determine the optimal path while considering road conditions and destinations. Path-tracking algorithms make this possible. They compare the cars current position with the designated route and then calculate the appropriate steering angle and speed. Optimal control methods ensure smoother and more stable driving while balancing efficiency and performance. Control technology also plays a vital role in emergencies. Automatic braking and stability systems work to protect passengers when sudden risks appear.Vision technology functions as the eyes of an autonomous vehicle. Cameras, LiDAR, and radar detect pedestrians, vehicles, and traffic signals on the road. Segmentation techniques identify lanes and road boundaries. Tracking methods follow moving xss-objects over time. With behavior prediction, the system can estimate the future actions of pedestrians and vehicles. A single sensor has limitations under difficult weather or environmental conditions. For this reason, sensor fusion, which combines data from multiple sensors, plays a critical role in achieving reliable perception.Localization technology allows vehicles to determine their exact position on the road. GNSS, the Global Navigation Satellite System, and INS, the Inertial Navigation System, provide stability for long-distance driving, but their signals weaken in cities and tunnels. To address this limitation, SLAM, or Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, is used. The vehicle builds maps in real time and estimates its own position. HD map-matching technology refines this process to the lane level and increases driving stability. In tunnels and underground roads, correction methods maintain continuous operation. Control, vision and localization have advanced on their own, but complete autonomy can only be achieved when all three work together on real roads.Barriers to CommercializationExperts note that many challenges remain before autonomous vehicles can be fully commercialized. Safety and reliability must come first, and legal systems require urgent reforms. Questions about accident responsibility, insurance coverage and data use are still unresolved. In addition, infrastructure such as high-definition maps and V2X, or Vehicle-to-Everything communication, must be established. Public acceptance is another crucial factor.Autonomous vehicles are no longer confined to science-fiction. If technological progress, legal support and social acceptance move forward in balance, the day will soon arrive when people in cities experience a world where holding the steering wheel becomes unnecessary.
  • 등록일2025-12-22 14:39:04
Short-Form Content
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수17
  • Short-Form ContentBy Song Chae-bin, Cub Reporter, Freshman of Division of Humanities, Social Sciences, Business, and EconomicsWe live in an age where content is constantly overflowing. Among the various types of content encountered in daily life, short-form content best reflects the clearest example of the rapidly changing trend. Short-form means a video form that is short and intuitive. Platforms such as Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok offer this type of video.What is Short-Form Content?Main characteristics of short-form content include delivering key messages quickly, allowing easy participation due to convenient production and consumption, and boosting viewers concentration compared to long videos or text-based media. It is widely used in advertising, marketing, and public campaigns.According to the 2024 Online Video Service Usage Behavior Survey by the Korea Creative Content Agency, 72 percent of the respondents said they had used short-form content within the last year. It shows that most Korean online video users consume short-form content. At the same time, it is implied that short-form content has become a major content form beyond a passing trend.Convenient by Short-Form Content, Steal the Depth of ThoughtAs such, short-form content has become one of the forms of everyday content, but the impact of our consumption habits on us is by no means light. The fast pace of short-form content makes it difficult for our brains to concentrate in one place. In addition, resistance to these short stimuli leads to greater stimulation, which leads to loss of interest in daily life.The Dysfunction of Short-Form Content, Spreading Throughout SocietySome video producers add incendiary content or fake information in their products to attract viewers attention. As a result, unverified content and smear productions are being indiscriminately produced and distributed. While their unethical behavior may be effective in attracting viewers attention in the short term, it ultimately only contributes to promoting social division.The possibility of exposing violent or lewd content to a large number of unspecified users cannot be excluded. If you encounter provocative content, the algorithm recommends similar things steadily for the user. Companies that provide such content argue that there is no problem because these are for adults. However, due to the nature of being accessible to anyone, the possibility of exposing images harmful to minors cannot be excluded. As can be seen from the example presented above, short-form content provision platforms have not prepared an active plan to solve those problems. In addition, regulations on such content are not implemented in most countries, and the lack of laws to be punished criminally is the cause of amplifying the problem.Era of Short-Form: How Can I Protect Myself?Digital detox refers to temporarily avoiding digital devices to reduce stress and improve quality of life. Lets apply the same method when looking at short-form content. Instead of spending too much leisure time on these platforms, it is recommended to limit usage to specific times and practice other hobbies such as exercise, walking, or reading.Problem of Short-Form: Our CountermeasuresHowever, there is a limit to solving these with only individual efforts. Furthermore, regulations are failing to keep pace with the rapid spread of short-form content. The nation should impose regulations on short-form content platforms and legislate against hazardous content creators.It is hard to deny that short-form content has significant advantages, such as rapid delivery of information and easy accessibility. Even if we only depend on its convenience, it becomes difficult to think deeply, and such problems are not only personal issues but also more widespread. In the end, the key lies not in how much we consume, but in how we consume it. In a short-form era that requires deep thinking and careful interpretation of information, we must protect ourselves.
  • 등록일2025-12-22 14:37:08
AI is Changing the Field of Creativity
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수14
  • AI is Changing the Field of CreativityBy Choi Yong-il Reporter, Junior of Chemical and Biological EngineeringIn recent years, AI has moved beyond just a tool and has stepped onto the stage of creativity. AI now generates pictures, composes music, and even xss-creates novels and poems. This shift has challenged the long-held belief that art is something only humans can make. As the boundaries between technology and art, and between humans and machines, become increasingly blurred, new opportunities and debates are emerging.AI in Art: From Tool to PartnerGenerative AI has brought dramatic changes to the art world. A notable example emerged in 2022, when Space Opera Theater, xss-created using the AI program MidJourney, won first place in the digital art category at the Colorado State Fair in the U.S. This event sparked a major question: Can an AI-xss-created work be regarded on the same level as human art? Following the controversy, the fair began requiring artists to disclose the use of AI, showing that artistic standards may need to adapt alongside technology.Legal and Ethical QuestionsThe first issue is authorship. In 2018, Stephen Thaler asked the U.S. Copyright Office to register an image made by his AI. The office refused, stating that copyright requires human creativity. Thaler went to court, but in 2023, both the U.S. District Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals also rejected his claim.This case had big effects. As AI works gain value, questions about ownership now affect areas like film, publishing, and gaming. Some companies even try to measure how much of the work is done by humans to avoid legal trouble. This ruling is seen as a turning point in the global copyright debate.In Korea, the Copyright Commission has similarly stated AI-generated works are usually not protected. But if humans clearly add creativity, they may qualify. This is similar to global trends. The European Union is preparing an AI Act that asks for more transparency. Japan also says AI works are usually not protected, but it is working with the industry to set rules. These actions are expected to guide future laws.The second issue is the role of artists. Some fear AI will replace them. Others think it will give more people a chance to xss-create. Work like making music or illustrations, which once needed skills and equipment, can now be done by anyone with AI. This opens the door to new types of art. On YouTube and TikTok, more creators are already making AI music videos and webtoons, gaining their own fans. Experts compare this to the invention of photography. People once feared it would replace painting, but later it became its own art and gave new ways of xss-expression.AI as a Partner, Not a ThreatThe growth of AI in art does not mean the end of human creativity. Instead, AI is becoming a partner that helps with new experiments. Around the world, more projects show artists and AI working together. In Korea, more exhibitions and performances use AI, showing how art and technology are joining in a new cultural trend.AIs influence is not just about tools. It raises basic questions about what art is. The law is still unclear, and ethical debates go on. But one thing is sure: AI is not a threat to art. It is opening new doors for creativity. When human imagination and technology meet, they can xss-create new cultural value beyond what we once imagined.
  • 등록일2025-12-22 14:35:37
Online Coding Learning Sites
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수703
  • Online Coding Learning SitesBy Han Ha-yeong Reporter, Senior of English Language and LiteratureCoding is no longer an option, it is a necessity. As the digital age rapidly evolves, the number of IT-related jobs and programs continues to grow. Consequently, programming skills are becoming an important competitive advantage, and more people are trying to learn how to code. However, beginners in coding can often feel overwhelmed by the question, Where should I learn? To help you out, we have put together a list of some of the best coding learning sites that are easily accessible online, as well as information on competitions and boot camps to prepare for coding tests.CodeTreeCodeTree is an online coding platform for learning programming and algorithms, with step-by-step tutorials for beginners and intermediates. It provides a variety of problems to help users build their skills by solving them. In particular, it provides educational materials and community features related to algorithmic problem-solving to help users collaborate, share ideas, and learn from each other.Baekjoon (BOJ)Baekjoon Online Jersey is one of the most popular algorithmic problem-solving sites in Korea. Thousands of algorithmic problems are available, ranging in difficulty from beginner to advanced. Also, code can be shared among users, making it a popular preparation for university and corporate coding tests. Best of all, it has a user ranking system, which is great for motivation.InflearnInflearn is an online education platform that offers coding and IT-related courses. There is a mix of paid and free courses, and you can choose to study at different levels, from beginner to advanced. Many of the courses focus on programming languages and xss-frameworks commonly used in the workplace, so it is a great way to get practical experience for what it is like to work as a developer.Coding testing platform: Goorm LevelGoorm Level is a platform that assesses developers algorithmic and practical coding skills. It supports a variety of programming languages and measures development skills through both algorithmic questions and practical tasks. It also records and evaluates the candidates code submission process and time spent, allowing companies or organizations to implement an anti-cheating system if needed.Training programs: BootcampBootcamp is an intensive training program designed to develop software developers in a short period of three to six months. The training is intense and hands-on and is often designed to get you hired. Many boot camps are also publicly funded, which can help reduce the cost.WhiteHat SchoolThe White Hat School is a security professional training program run by the Korea Information Technology Research Institute (KITRI). It offers the latest information security training and mentoring opportunities for people who aspire to be white hat hackers and professionals. The course consists of three stages: theoretical training, in-depth training (projects), and refresher training. You can check out the recruitment criteria and curriculum on the official website.If you are interested in learning to code but do not have the time or money, online learning is a great way to get started. The above coding learning sites make it easy for anyone to begin with and improve their skills. So, you do not have to worry anymore. Lets get started learning to code online.
  • 등록일2025-06-26 14:21:27
Hydrogen Energy
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수698
  • Hydrogen EnergyBy Woo Jung-kyu Reporter, Senior of Industrial EngineeringOver the past 200 years, the power of fossil fuels has returned as bills that threaten the survival of mankind, which is destroying the global environment. The worlds greenhouse gas emissions, which are rapidly devastating the global environment, are 51.5 billion tons per year. About 75 percent of it has occurred in the process of generating energy. At the crossroads of survival, the transition to clean and renewable energy for humanity is no longer a matter of choice and cannot be delayed. Since the announcement of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 2019, the world has been paying attention to renewable energy such as solar and wind power, which provide clean energy from nature. However, renewable energy generated by natural forces has a limitation, as it is difficult to balance the supply and demand of energy because of irregular weather conditions. The solution to an imbalance between supply and demand is the utilization of hydrogen energy, which stores surplus electrical energy.Definition and historyHydrogen energy is an energy source that involves separating, producing, and using hydrogen from compounds such as water and fossil fuels. Hydrogen energy can be produced through water electrolysis, and the electricity used in this process can derive from surplus renewable energy. This enables the production of clean hydrogen without any emissions during the energy generation process. Additionally, when the hydrogen produced through this process is combined with oxygen, it can generate electricity again. The existence of hydrogen was first discovered in 1766 when British scientist Henry Cavendish succeeded in isolating hydrogen gas. Seventeen years later, French physicist Jacques Charles demonstrated the potential of hydrogen energy by successfully launching the worlds first unmanned hydrogen balloon. In 1839, British physicist William Grove developed the first device that generated electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen. However, due to low efficiency, research into hydrogen energy did not advance significantly at the time. Research into renewable hydrogen began in the early 1900s, and in 1937, a hydrogen-powered airplane was built. However, the Hindenburg disaster, which occurred the same year, prevented this widespread adoption. The Hindenburg disaster occurred on May 6, 1937, when the German airship LZ 129 Hindenburg exploded and caught fire while attempting to land in New Jersey, United States of America. The airship used hydrogen instead of helium as a lifting gas, and it showed the dangers of hydrogen, leading to a sharp decline in trust in hydrogen-powered aircraft and airship. Despite its past, The first significant use of hydrogen energy came in the 1950s when NASA used this as rocket fuel and in fuel cells for space missions. Since then, hydrogen began to be recognized as a potential clean energy source, especially during the 1970s oil crisis when interest in alternative energy sources increased. Since the 1990s, growing concerns with environmental issues have led to more intensive research on hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology. Many automobile manufacturers started developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and the technology began to be applied across various industries.Production Methods and CharacteristicsHydrogen energy is a secondary energy source, which can be produced in various ways using primary energy. The main methods for producing hydrogen include fossil fuel reforming, biomass gasification, and water electrolysis.1) Fossil Fuel Reforming MethodThe fossil fuel reforming method is the most widely used hydrogen production process, where natural gas (methane), LPG, and lignite are reacted with high-temperature steam to produce hydrogen. Specifically, natural gas and water (H2O) are reacted at high temperatures (700-1,000C) to generate hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The produced carbon monoxide then undergoes an additional reaction to convert it into carbon dioxide (CO2) and more hydrogen. This method is characterized by advancing technology and the ability to produce large amounts of hydrogen at a relatively low cost. However, a significant amount of CO2 is emitted, causing harm to the environment.2) Biomass Gasification MethodBiomass refers to the total mass of living organisms (Bio), which forms part of an ecosystems cycle. Also, it includes growing plants which use sunlight, animals which consume these plants, and microorganisms which decompose the remains of plants and animals. The biomass gasification method involves reacting biomass at high temperatures with oxygen or steam to produce synthesis gas (syngas), from which hydrogen is extracted. Specifically, biomass is partially oxidized at high temperatures to generate syngas, which contains gasses such as CO, H2, CO2, and methane (CH4). Hydrogen is extracted from the syngas for storage or use. The feature of this method is that it can produce carbon-neutral hydrogen by using biomass. However, the process is complex and has relatively low energy efficiency.3) Water Electrolysis MethodThe water electrolysis method involves using electricity to split H2O into hydrogen and oxygen. Specifically, water is placed in an electrolyze, and electricity is applied to separate water molecules into H2 and oxygen (O2), with the resulting hydrogen collected for storage or use. The feature of this method is that renewable energy is used as the power source, which produces clean hydrogen without carbon emissions. However, it is less economical because it requires a large amount of electricity and leads to the use of renewable energy-based power.TypesDepending on the production method, hydrogen is divided into gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, green hydrogen, yellow hydrogen, and pink hydrogen.1) Gray HydrogenGray hydrogen is classified as by-product hydrogen and reformed hydrogen. By-product hydrogen is produced as a by-product of petrochemical and steel manufacturing processes, which limits the potential for increased production. Reformed hydrogen is produced by using natural gas, and has the advantage of being suitable for mass production, but generates large amounts of carbon dioxide as a by-product.2) Blue HydrogenBlue hydrogen is a solution to the limitations of gray hydrogen. While the production method is the same as gray hydrogen, it is referred to as clean hydrogen because the carbon dioxide generated during the production process is captured, utilized, and stored using Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology. The captured carbon dioxide is permanently stored or used in materials such as cement, semiconductor gasses, and tire components. Blue hydrogen is considered the most practical alternative for expanding the hydrogen industry.3) Turquoise HydrogenTurquoise hydrogen is produced by thermally decomposing natural gas. Methane (CH₄), the primary component of natural gas, is injected into a high-temperature reactor where natural gas is separated into hydrogen and solid carbon. The by-products produced during this process can be used in various products.4) Green HydrogenGreen hydrogen is produced by splitting water using electricity generated from renewable sources such as solar and wind, which is regarded as clean energy since no carbon dioxide is emitted during production. However, in South Korea, there are still economic and technical challenges for large-scale production of green hydrogen due to the lack of water electrolysis facilities and limited renewable energy resources.5) Yellow and Pink HydrogenIn addition, yellow hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced by splitting water using electricity from the existing power grid, which is not from renewable sources. Pink hydrogen is produced by splitting water using electricity generated from nuclear power.Hydrogen energy has great potential as an eco-friendly and limitless resource. However, there are many challenges to overcome, such as difficulties in production and storage, as well as the need for infrastructure development. HBNU also has a strong interest in hydrogen energy. This can be seen through the H2 CHARGE camp, that participants learn about the principles and applications of hydrogen energy. Also, the selection of the university for the Energy Technology Sharing University shows HBNUs interest in it. After reading this article, why dont you take an interest in hydrogen energy?
  • 등록일2025-02-11 15:02:21
AI Tools
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수21885
  • AI ToolsBy Han Ha-yeong Reporter, Junior of English Language and LiteratureRecently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has influenced our daily life and education. Students are exploring academics, creativity, and new possibilities for the future using this innovative technology. AI tools can help us in many fields, not only scan documents but also solve the problems we do not understand. Through this, AI tools are helping us learn and grow more efficiently. Following is information on the current state and features of AI tools.DeepL TranslatorDefinition: DeepL Translator is an AI translation service using Neural Machine Translation (NMT) technology to perform natural translation better than Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). It is classified as DeepL Pro, which can be used for various paid services by paying a monthly subxss-scription fee, and a free service that can translate into 31 languages. The free service can translate up to 5000 characters at once, and DeepL Pro can translate without the character limit.How to use: Connect to a website and paste the sentence or file you want to translate. The result is on the right side, and if you want to change the translation of some specific word, you can choose and replace it with an alternative.Advantage: DeepL Translator can translate different kinds of languages and offer document translation. Also, it provides fast translations and protects personal security and privacy by encrypting all of the translation requests. Translation of various types of text, such as documents, web pages, emails, chats, and so on is available.ChatGPTDefinition: ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is a conversational AI model developed by OpenAI, an American AI research foundation. The ChatGPT model is specialized for understanding context and generating responses based on the user’s input.How to use: Connect to the ChatGPT website and sign up. Enter the user’s email address and password, and activate your account through the confirmation link sent to your email. Then go back to the website, log in, and click the ‘New Chat’ button on the upper left side to start a chat.Advantage: The main advantage of ChatGPT is that the natural language processing part allows us to ask questions and have an instant conversation. Also, it can generate more relevant responses because of having the ability to understand the context of the conversation, and easily expand in various fields without limit.GrammarlyDefinition: Grammarly is an online grammar-checking tool to find English grammar and spelling errors developed in 2009 based on AI. It analyzes the text the user wrote, identifies errors, and suggests corrections for errors in grammar, spelling, and sentence structure.How to use: Connect and sign up on the Grammarly site and click ‘Upload’ in My Grammarly to input and edit the sentences the user wants to check for grammar and spelling.Advantage: Grammarly can find grammar and spelling errors by analyzing the text in real-time, and also advise about a wide vocabulary to maintain consistency of style and tone. When the errors are found, it highlights them and offers explanations and alternatives to help the user learn.AI can reduce unnecessary work stress, enhance creativity, and lower the barriers to study. However, these benefits depend highly on your ability to utilize and understand the tools properly. Working with AI requires continuous learning and a deep understanding of the importance of ethical usage. AI tools can help you, but it is hard to succeed without students hard work and passion of students themselves. Lets make a better future using the innovative tools cleverly AI offers.
  • 등록일2024-07-03 16:50:11
Gimme Carbon Credit 이미지
Gimme Carbon Credit
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수7962
  • Gimme Carbon CreditBy Woo Jung-kyu Reporter, Junior of Industrial EngineeringRecently, the ecosystem was destroyed because of global warming. For example, polar bears are losing their homes and plants are blooming earlier. Why does global warming occur? To put it simply, global warming occurs when the concentration of greenhouse gases increases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in greenhouse gases takes up 80 percent of human activities all around the world. Therefore, we can recognize that greenhouse gases from human activities are CO2. For decades, global warming was accelerated because CO2 concentration in the atmosphere increased rapidly caused by human industrial activity. The increase of extreme weather and natural disasters due to global warming is causing massive damage to human life and property. Carbon emission reduction will be essential to solve these problems, for this carbon credits has been implemented.Carbon creditsCarbon credits are not only the right to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide, but also one of the policies to reduce carbon emission, as a right published by a government or an international organization. That purpose is to control and reduce carbon emissions in various areas such as power generation, industry and transportation.Despite, exceeding the permitted amount often occurs despite efforts to reduce carbon emissions. How does the conglomerate cope with that case? Using the carbon credit trading system is a solution for it. The images below will help you to understand the carbon credit trading system. Carbon credits are issued by the UN, that can be traded freely like products in the market. In Korea, it has been implemented since January 1, 2015.▼Example of Carbon credits trading systemThe carbon emissions purchased by each company will be different.Company A exceeds emissions, Company B remains behind.The form in which Company A purchases emission rights from Company C is carbon emission trading.Carbon credit market rolls as an economic stimulus to a company or country. A company that cannot reduce emissions will have to buy extra emissions, so it will cause an economic burden. Therefore, a company will put in more efforts such as development and investment in technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Also, countries or companies that get profits from the carbon credit market can invest in reducing carbon emissions or use them to develop eco-friendly technologies, creating a win-win situation in which environmental preservation and economic development can occur at the same time. Lets see which company is using which technologies to reduce carbon emissions.The first is LG Chems LinStorage battery. The linstorage battery is a type of lithium-ion battery, an eco-friendly energy storage system, and a system that can store and efficiently use energy generated by solar power and wind power. The lean storage battery is a module form made by combining several types of battery cells, and performs power conversion and storage functions in combination with a power control device having energy storage and control functions. These lean storage batteries are connected to existing power plants and power grids and play a major role in increasing the stability of power supply and demand. By storing electricity produced by solar or wind power plants through lean storage batteries and supplying it to the power grid when necessary, energy can be used efficiently, increasing power supply stability and reducing carbon emissions.The second is SK Innovations carbon reduction technology CCS. CCS technology collects carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and stores it in an underground water xss-layer, which plays a major role in preventing global warming by effectively managing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as well as reducing carbon emissions. SK Innovation is focusing on reducing corporate carbon emissions by utilizing these CCS technologies. For example, SK Innovations Ulsan Petrochemical Complex collects more than 1 million tons of carbon dioxide per year by installing CCS equipment. It is also making efforts to develop carbon-neutral steel production technology.The third is Samsung Electronics Digital inverter technology. Digital inverter technology is a technology that controls motors used in home appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators. The existing motor control method uses DC power, and in this case, the power consumption was high because power supply had to be continuously performed. However, using digital inverter technology, the motor can be controlled by alternating current power. Therefore, when measuring motor speed, the optimal power is calculated in an easier way to drive the motor, which reduces power consumption by up to 50 percent. Accordingly, Samsung Electronics can obtain the effect of reducing power consumption and carbon emission in home appliances. Since home appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators use electricity all day long, it is very important to reduce power consumption. By applying digital inverter technology, power consumption can be reduced, electricity bills can be reduced, and it is also of great help in protecting the global environment.The fourth is the CO2 collection technology for blue hydrogen production by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology. This technology aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are the cause of global warming, by collecting CO2 generated by producing hydrogen using fossil fuels, and consists of two main stages. The first step is to collect CO2 generated by thermal power plants and industries. To this end, the researcher is developing various CO2 capture technologies. Representative technologies include ammonia condensation technology, ammonia pyrolysis technology, and methanation reaction technology. The second step is to produce hydrogen using the collected CO2. It is developing a technology to produce blue hydrogen by combining the collected CO2 with hydrogen. Such blue hydrogen is a clean fuel in itself and can also be used in combination with hydrogen fuel conversion technology. CO2 capture technology plays a major role in research and technology development for a sustainable environment.Like this, countries and various companies are making an effort for carbon neutrality to reduce carbon emissions through carbon credits. But efforts for carbon neutrality are important not only at the national level, but also at the individual level. Reducing carbon emissions by individuals is a lot of great help to countermeasures at the national level. In order to reduce carbon emissions for individuals, we have to think of and practice various ways. Let me tell you five representative ways of practice.First, energy conservation is one of the easiest ways for an individual to do it. In everyday life, you can save energy by replacing lights with LED or reducing habitual electricity consumption. In addition, when using air conditioners and heaters, just lowering or raising the temperature by about 1℃can have a very great energy saving effect.Second, using public transportation is also very helpful in reducing carbon emissions. Thinking about transportation, such as using public transportation or riding a bicycle instead of a car, can reduce emissions from personal car use.Third, improving eating habits is very important in reducing carbon emissions. It is important to eat more vegetables or fruits instead of meat, and to actively recycle leftovers from life. Through this, you can enjoy the effect of reducing carbon emissions due to improved eating habits.Fourth, recycling plays a major role in reducing carbon emissions. It is important to separate and recycle paper, glass, xss-metal, etc. Through this, you can enjoy the effect of reducing carbon emissions due to recycling.Fifth, it is important to use eco-friendly products. Using detergents, eco-friendly cosmetics, and eco-bags with low chemical ingredients can reduce carbon emissions.In addition, as shown in the picture below, there are many ways that we can practice reducing carbon emissions in our daily lives. Countries and companies are also realizing the seriousness of carbon emissions and making great efforts. Therefore, lets realize their hard work, practice carbon neutrality in our daily lives, and overcome global warming together!
  • 등록일2023-10-11 00:01:37
How COVID-19 Vaccines Differ from Traditional Vaccines 이미지
How COVID-19 Vaccines Differ from Traditional Vaccines
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수7840
  • How COVID-19 Vaccines Differ from Traditional VaccinesBy Kim Min-joong Reporter, Senior of Mechanical EngineeringDo you still think vaccines involve injecting weakened or dead pathogens into the body? The emergence of the sudden pandemic, COVID-19, has brought about a paradigm shift in the concept of vaccines. Unlike traditional vaccines, COVID-19 vaccines, which belong to a different category, were developed rapidly with worldwide attention within just one year of the outbreak. Therefore, public confidence in vaccines was initially low. Despite many peoples concerns, messenger RNA (mRNA)-based COVID-19 vaccines have been validated for their safety and scientific superiority, and have enabled many people to become protected against COVID-19 through this new type of vaccine. As a novel concept, mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines cannot be explained solely by previously used vaccine methods because they do not involve the injection of pathogens into the body. Unlike previous methods, mRNA vaccines only contain genetic information required to xss-create a portion of the pathogen. In the case of COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA that xss-creates spike proteins is delivered into the body. Then Our bodys cells use this mRNA to xss-create spike proteins, which can recognize and prevent infection of COVID-19 virus. Therefore, the reason why we have received repeated doses of the COVID-19 vaccine is to strengthen the immune response and provide ongoing protection, since initially generated antibodies via mRNA may not be enough.The reason mRNA vaccines were able to be developed is due to the key technology of microchannels. Microchannels are, literally, micro-sized channels, and although they were not originally used in vaccine technology, they became the key point in the development of mRNA vaccines. After mRNA enters the cell, two problems must be solved to produce spike proteins that trigger an immune response to the disease. The first problem is the innate immune response. When mRNA enters our body, our body recognizes it as an invader and produces mRNA-degrading enzymes to protect itself. The second problem is the instability of RNA. mRNA cannot enter the cell because its molecular size is too large and it is disassembled outside the cell. Therefore, scientists applied Lipid Nano Particle (LNP) technology to mRNA to solve these problems. By wrapping the mRNA with LNP, innate immune response and RNA instability can be overcome, and mRNA can be safely transported to target tissues and cells. Microchannels play a crucial role in maximizing the possibility of wrapping mRNA with LNP to solve the aforementioned problems.Microchannel is a key technology that achieves short mixing length, fast time, and high efficiency, a lot of research on microchannel development is going on. Professor Joachim Franks group, a world-renowned researcher, has utilized butterfly-shaped channels to conduct research. This microchannel shows high mixing efficiency at a short mixing length, where one fluid flow separates and repeatedly rejoins. This method is one of the techniques mainly used to improve the mixing efficiency of passive microchannels. Additionally, this microchannel shows close to 100 percent efficiency when the fluid reaches a short length of about 400 m at a specific flow rate.The reason for the high efficiency of microchannels can be confirmed through the analysis based on fluid mechanics. Due to the structural characteristics of the butterfly channel, the vortex is formed in a specific plane of the channel as shown in the figure and repeated in all elements. The vortex generated solely by these structural characteristics it has a significant effect on mixing even without external forces such as pressure, electricity, magnetism, and sound waves.In the past, microchannels were primarily used in the fields of chemistry, aerospace, and heat transfer, but now they have helped save humanity from COVID-19. mRNA vaccines, with their rapid and flexible inherent properties, are not limited to COVID-19 vaccines. Once the genetic information of the pathogen is known, mRNA can be quickly designed and produced to provide solutions for cancer and infectious diseases. Although microchannels were used in the production of vaccines, their high mixing efficiency and fast mixing characteristics, which are inherent in microchannel technology, will be applied to many fields in the future. Ultimately, just as we used existing technology to develop mRNA vaccines, we do nott always need to look far for answers. The important thing is to realize that the answers are close at hand and to figure out how to utilize them.[reference][1] Passive microfluidic device for submillisecond mixing, Zonghuan Lu, et al. Sensors and Actuators B 144 (2010) 301309[ Fig1. Configuration of the Micromixer, with the Detailed Dimensions Labeled ][ Fig3. Velocity Vectors at Different Planes Normal to the Flow Path of the First Butterfly Mixing Element (from plane (a) to plane (f)). Flow rate was set at 6.0 L/s ][ Fig2. Mixing Index of Simulation Results Along the Mixer Channel at Various Flow Rates ]
  • 등록일2023-10-11 00:00:20
Microplastic 이미지
Microplastic
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수7887
  • MicroplasticBy Lee Hae-rin Reporter, Junior of English Language and LiteraturePollution from microplastic is one of the environmental problems that has recently received a lot of attention worldwide. Microplastics are very tiny particles that occur in the process of decomposing plastic products in nature and are more than 100 nm and less than 5mm in size. Then, where are microplastics coming from? Microplastics are too tiny to be filtered by sewage treatment facilities, but they flow directly into the sea and rivers. Eighty percent of the plastic flowing into the sea comes from land and 20 percent are nets and styrofoam thrown away by fishermen. If the seawater is full of plastic like this, we may end up consuming them when we eat fish, seaweed, and shellfish. The same is true of plastics buried underground. If plastic bags, delivery food containers, and discarded wet wipes made of plastic materials are buried in the ground, microplastics will enter the human body when eating plants, fruits, and vegetables from the soil. Lastly, plastics are also found in the atmosphere. Microplastics are also detected in bottled water that we drink because water vapor evaporated from the sea becomes rain and collects after it falls to the ground. How will microplastics generated in this way affect our bodies and environment?More than 90 percent of the plastic absorbed in the human body is excreted through bowel movements. However, the problem is the accumulated plastic in the human body. It does not decompose in the body because of its microscopic size but moves through lymphatic vessels and penetrates cells. Depending on where microplastics have penetrated, it can cause various cancers such as lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and uterine cancer. Also, there is a risk of penetrating the brain and affecting various brain diseases and lives.Microplastics are also having a bad effect on the environment. Microplastics accumulate in the soil, which degrades the soil and prevents moisture from entering the soil properly. In addition, about 10 million tons of plastic waste are generated in the sea every year. Compared to fish without microplastics, studies have shown that fish with microplastics have reduced their lifespan and body size, including productivity and proteolysis capacity.Lets look at the main xss-objects in everyday life that release microplastics.First, it is the delivery food we often eat. When food is delivered, it is served in a plastic container. Disposable plastic containers bring convenience to our lives but adversely affect health and the environment. It takes more than 500 years for plastic containers to decompose, and it is highly likely that harmful substances will be released if hot food is contained or heated in a microwave. Therefore, those who order delivery food frequently increase their exposure to microplastics, and the more frequently they order, the more microplastics are released.Second, it is the disposable wet tissue that has a negative impact on the environment. Most disposable wet tissues on the market use a plastic material called polyester, so using disposable wipes to clean stains and dust is the same as using disposable plastic.Finally, the convenient teabag that we find when we want to drink a cup of tea contains plastic fibers, so if we add tea bags to drink tea, microplastics enter our bodies.Thus, we should make efforts to reduce microplastics that cause serious problems in the human body and the environment. Lets refrain from using disposable products and use alternatives or multi-use products. For example, why dont you try a personal tumbler or mug instead of a plastic disposable cup at a caf or restaurant? Furthermore, try to use handkerchiefs instead of wet wipes, natural sponges instead of iron sponges, eco bags instead of plastic bags, multi-use lenses instead of disposable lenses, and try to make tea with grains instead of disposable tea bags. If you use plastic, it is also necessary to thoroughly recycle. Recycling the collected plastic can slow the progress of environmental pollution. In addition, microplastics float in the air and show high concentrations indoors, so making frequent ventilation and cleaning is one way to reduce microplastics in daily life.If you abandon the idea of Who cares if I litter or not and practice efforts to lessen microplastics in your life, you will be able to slow down the microplastic disaster. Lets practice efforts to reduce microplastics for the clean sea, marine life, and our health.
  • 등록일2023-10-10 23:59:44
Bitcoin 이미지
Bitcoin
  • 작성자HANBAT HERALD
  • 조회수5331
  • BitcoinBy Kim Myeong-gyu Reporter, Junior of Chemical and Biological EngineeringDue to the future value of virtual assets and the expectations of return on investment, more and more investors are investing in virtual currencies, rather than stocks. News related to virtual assets is regularly pouring out, whether it is good or bad. Recently,there was even a day when the daily transaction amount of exchange exceeded the total transaction amount of the Korean stock market. It seems that Bitcoin is now at the center of the virtual asset market.ŸWhat is Bitcoin?Bitcoin, which is based on blockchain technology, is a virtual currency, and the first cryptocurrency that, in a digital environment, does not have a physical form of exchange with a real currency, such as bills or coins.ŸWhy do we Pay Attention to Bitcoin?We pay attention because of blockchain technology. Blockchain is a distributed data storage technology that stores data, connects it in a chain form, and replicates it on numerous computers. For example, when 10 people are participating in a network, transaction details (data) that occur when users A and B make a transaction, are transmitted and stored to all the usersparticipating in the network.So, how does bitcoin differ from the existing monetary methods? Previously, banks or governments played a safe intermediate role between transactions. However, with blockchain technology, the currencies are separated and stored by individual people, rather than by banks. Since individuals online play an intermediate role, there is no longer any need for central administrators, such as banks.ŸCharacteristics and Benefits of BitcoinŸPortabilityBitcoin is a digital currency, so you can conveniently carry it on a drive (a portable storage device on a computer) and store it online.ŸAccessibilityIt provides a service that allows you to transfer money and make payments, wherever the internet is available.ŸTransparency and SecurityOn the blockchain, anyone can check all transaction details and related information in real time. Therefore, neither individuals nor institutions can control or manipulate data.ŸNon-counterfeitingCounterfeiting is impossible, due to the various defense mechanisms inherent in blockchain technology and Bitcoin.ŸThree Features of Bitcoin that are Different from Traditional CurrencyThe first of Bitcoins features is decentralization. As mentioned, existing banks that use central servers may have a risk of being hacked, and may not be controlled. However, cryptocurrency is very safe because hacking would require attacking every single user who participated in the network, and that is practically impossible.The second feature is alternative possibilities. There are traditional currencies, such as the dollar and the euro, that can be used in many countries, but most currencies can only be used in one country. However, Bitcoin is an online network currency that can be used anywhere in the world.The third is durability. Bitcoin does not exist in real form and cannot be destroyed in any way. Bitcoin, unlike bills and coins, exists permanently.Bitcoin, also called digital gold, is valuable enough to be recognized as the national money currency in El Salvador. In addition, Bitcoin is recognized as an asset through the current law for special prohibition, and Virtual Asset Tax in Korea. In the future, Bitcoin, which contains various values such as blockchain technology and decentralization, will xss-create a huge flow in our economic lives.
  • 등록일2023-02-20 16:52:32